Every Nigerian tax, in plain language

Individuals — employees, self-employed, freelancers

Progressive bands from the Nigeria Tax Act 2025: first ₦800,000 tax-free, top rate 25% above ₦50m. Employers withhold PAYE monthly; everyone else self-assesses by 30 September.

Registered companies

Small companies (turnover ≤ ₦100m) pay 0%. Others pay 30% of assessable profit. Returns are due within 6 months of financial year end.

Businesses above the small-company threshold

Charged on most goods and services; basic food, education, medical services and exports are zero-rated or exempt. Monthly returns due by the 21st, with input credit now covering services and fixed assets.

Payers of dividends, interest, rent, contracts

An advance collection of income tax deducted at source and creditable against your final assessment. Rates vary by transaction and residency.

Sellers of shares, property & digital assets

Under the 2025 Act, individual gains are taxed within the PIT bands; company gains at the CIT rate. Reliefs exist for reinvested share proceeds and a primary residence.

Companies (except small companies)

A consolidated levy on assessable profits replacing the tertiary education, NITDA, NASENI and police-fund levies.

Parties to dutiable instruments

Payable on agreements, leases, share transfers and certain electronic transactions. Often flat or ad valorem depending on the instrument.

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The former 3% tertiary education tax is now folded into the 4% Development Levy for most companies.

Upstream oil & gas companies

Hydrocarbon tax and CIT apply under the Petroleum Industry Act, integrated with the 2025 reforms.

Mineral title holders

Royalties on extracted minerals, alongside CIT and the Development Levy for mining companies.

Foreign companies serving Nigerian users

Non-resident digital businesses with significant economic presence are taxable in Nigeria; treaties may modify the outcome.

Qualifying investments

The 2025 Act introduces an Economic Development Incentive (tax credits for qualifying capital expenditure), replacing pioneer status over time.